Electricity is all around us--powering technology like our cell phones, computers, lights, soldering irons, and air conditioners. It's tough to escape it in our modern world. Even when you try to escape electricity, it's still at work throughout nature, from the lightning in a thunderstorm to the synapses inside our body. But what exactly is electricity? This is a very complicated question, and as you dig deeper and ask more questions, there really is not a definitive answer, only abstract representations of how electricity interacts with our surroundings.
Electricity is a natural phenomenon that occurs throughout nature and takes many different forms. In this tutorial we'll focus on current electricity: the stuff that powers our electronic gadgets. Our goal is to understand how electricity flows from a power source through wires, lighting up LEDs, spinning motors, and powering our communication devices.
Electricity is briefly defined as the flow of electric charge, but there's so much behind that simple statement. Where do the charges come from? How do we move them? Where do they move to? How does an electric charge cause mechanical motion or make things light up? So many questions! To begin to explain what electricity is we need to zoom way in, beyond the matter and molecules, to the atoms that make up everything we interact with in life.
What is electricity and how is it made?
Electricity is a secondary energy source that we get from the conversion of other sources of energy such as coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power, and so on. These sources are known as “primary sources.” Primary sources can be renewable or non-renewable, but the electricity itself is neither.
Like everything else, electricity is made up of atoms. So to understand electricity, it helps to understand basic information about atoms.
How does electricity work?
Electricity travels in closed circuits. It has to have a complete path before electrons can move through it. When you turn on a light by flipping a switch, you close a circuit. Of course, this means that by flipping a switch off, you open a circuit. Electricity flows from the electric wire, through the light, and back into the wire. The same concept applies to your television or your appliances– when you turn them on, you close a circuit for electricity to flow through the wires and power them.
How electric energy generate?
An electric generator is a device that converts a form of energy into electricity. There are many different types of electricity generators. Most of world electricity generation is from generators that are based on scientist Michael Faraday’s discovery in 1831 that moving a magnet inside a coil of wire makes (induces) an electric current to flow in the wire. He made the first electricity generator called a Faraday disk, which operates on this relationship between magnetism and electricity and which led to the design of the electromagnetic generators that we use today.
Electromagnetic generators use an electromagnet—a magnet produced by electricity—not a traditional magnet. A basic electromagnetic generator has a series of insulated coils of wire that form a stationary cylinder—called a stator—surrounding an electromagnetic shaft—called a rotor. Turning the rotor makes an electric current flow in each section of the wire coil, which becomes a separate electric conductor. The currents in the individual sections combine to form one large current. This current is the electricity that moves from generators through power lines to consumers.
Best sources of electrical energy.
Electrical energy from Coal: More than one-fourth of the total known world coal reserves are in the United States. Though our dependence upon coal is decreasing, we still rely on it to produce electricity. Coal-generated electricity is created using a “pulverized coal combustion system” (PCC).
Coal is milled into a fine powder and is blown into a combustion chamber of a boiler and burned at a high temperature. The gases and heat energy produced converts water into steam. This steam passes through a turbine containing thousand of propeller-like blades. At the end of these propellers, a generator sits mounted at one of the turbine shafts. When the generator’s coils are rotated in a strong magnetic field, electricity is created.
The electricity generated is transported at higher voltages via power line grids. By the time it reaches our homes, the electricity is transformed down to safer 100 to 250 voltage systems.
Electrical energy from Wind: Wind energy is renewable and harnesses the energy generated by wind through the use of wind turbines that convert it into electricity. Wind, technically, is a byproduct of differences in temperature and is generated from the uneven heating of the atmosphere, mountains, valleys, and the revolution of the planets around the sun.
Wind turbines work the opposite way that fans do– instead of using electricity to create wind, wind turbines use wind to make electricity. The wind turns the blades which spin a shaft that is connected to a generator and produces electricity.
Electrical energy from Nuclear: Nuclear electrical energy comes from the energy in the core of an atom. Power plants use a process called “nuclear fission”– the splitting of an atom– to create energy. Some nuclear power plants use uranium atoms which are split when they are hit by a neutron, releasing heat and radiation, creating more neutrons.
Once neutrons collide with other uranium atoms, the process repeats itself all over again. This chain reaction is controlled in nuclear power plants to produce heat. When combined with water, the heat produces steam which is then used to generate electricity that we can use in our homes.
How electric generator works or how generators create electricity?
Generators don’t actually create electricity. Instead, they convert mechanical or chemical energy into electrical energy. They do this by capturing the power of motion and turning it into electrical energy by forcing electrons from the external source through an electrical circuit. A generator is essentially an electrical motor working in reverse.
Some electrical generators, such as those at Hoover Dam, for example, are huge and provide enormous amounts of energy by transferring the power created by water turning turbines into electricity. Residential and commercial generators, however, are much smaller and rely on more traditional fuel sources like diesel, gas, and propane to create mechanical power that can then be forced into a circuit and induce an electrical current.
Once an electrical current has been established, it is directed through copper wires to power external machines, devices, or entire electrical systems.
Modern generators can be attributed to Michael Faraday’s principle of electromagnetic induction. Faraday discovered that when a conductor moves in a magnetic field, electrical charges could be created and directed to create a flow of current. At its most basic, an electrical generator is nothing more than an electromagnet – moving wire near a magnet to direct the flow of electricity. It’s similar to how a pump pushes water through a pipe.
Effective utilisation of electric power
Energy is defined as the capacity to do work. Chemical, mechanical, thermal, solar and electrical are the different form of energy. Electrical energy is able to adapt many different functions.
Electrical energy has a great variety of applications. Electrical energy is an essential part of science and technology. The major utilization of electrical energy is to generate output from electrical and electronics devices. Apart from it utilization of electric energy is in industry, domestic utilization, in commercial usage, in public service, in transport, in fishery etc.
We use electrical energy in every minute of our daily activity such as refrigerators, cell phone charger, laptop, video games, light bulbs, lamps, washer, dryer, water heater, iron, cooler, room heater etc.
A low load circumstances show an image of poor electricity utilization. Electricity is not only to operate entertaining means although people should understand the good utilization and basic principle of electrical energy.
Basic fundamental truth or principles of electrical energy utilization are as follows:
1. Safety: electricity has the possibility of harm and injury. So it should be driven with protective custody. User should use proper cable to transmit electrical energy. Make sure that user are wearing shoes while utilize electricity. Electrical equipment should not be near water. For additional work of electrical energy take help from any trained person, don’t try by yourself until and unless you are not trained.
2. Usefulness: utilization of electric energy should be economical. Users should not suffer in a economical way. Avoid use of electricity through bulbs in morning and noon hours.
3. Modesty and efficiency: users should be relatively moderate; when they are using electrical energy. Electrical energy utilization should be in decent way. Users should take care of other’s requirement of electricity. Always use electrical energy very efficiently. Do not waste it by using unnecessary electric appliances. Do not steal electricity.
Users should make sure about the points; those are mentioned below for good utilization of electrical energy:
1. User should give special importance on the electricity consumption of appliances when they buy new appliances. Obviously one cannot change all the appliances but at least they can take attention if they buy any new electrical appliances.
2. Choose energy saving bulbs for homes and offices.
3. Use appliances only when required.
4. Don’t connect too many appliances on a single power plug. It can damage power plug and burn the outlet socket.
5. First check the specification of appliances before use.
6. Don’t use any damaged wire as transmission line.
Generation Electrical energy depends on air and water. And air & water depends on environmental activity. So, due to environmental constraints production intensity of electrical energy is decreasing day by day. It is very serious matter to utilize electrical energy in a good way.
For this, society should be alert and should take care of points, given below:
1. Don’t cut trees for fire wood.
2. Try to use any other energy in spite of electrical energy.
3. Distribution of electricity should be systematic.
4. Do not use high power appliances when it is not needed.
How does electricity get to your home?
Where electricity comes from and where consumers get their energy varies. Some utility companies generate all the energy they sell only using the power plants they own. Others may purchase electricity directly from other utility companies, power marketers, and independent power producers from a wholesale market organized by a regional transmission reliability organization. All the little details aside, electricity reaches the consumer in very similar ways.
The electricity delivery process
The electricity that power plants generate is delivered to consumers over transmission and distribution power lines. This complex system sometimes called the “grid” includes substations, transformers, and power lines that connect electricity producers and consumers. In the United States alone, the electricity grid contains thousands of miles of high-voltage power lines and millions of low-voltage power lines with transformers that connect thousands of power plants to millions of consumers across the country.
High voltage power lines that are hung between large metal towers are able to carry electricity over long distances, whereas lower voltage electricity is transmitted through transformers which increase or decrease voltages to adjust to different stages of the journey from the power plant to your home or business.
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Whether it is in your home, business or company, you are bound to require electrical services at some point. For instance, you may need help with the installation, repair, upgrading or replacement of one or a number of electrical systems in your home or business premise. When such a need arises, you should always look for qualified electrical contractors to help with the work.
Our highly qualified licensed electricians have a wide range of expertise in the electrical and construction industries. We perform electrical installations for private, commercial and industrial clients, including the installation of energy-efficient lighting technology, generators, and pools. We will work closely with you, architects, designers, and contractors to ensure that you are fully satisfied with our quality.
In addition, we offers the following services,
✅ Maintenance and repair of existing electrical systems
✅ Electrical Upgrades
✅ Installation of lighting fixtures, fittings, fans
✅ Outside/Landscape lighting
✅ Modernization of electrical installations in old structures
✅ Code Violation Repairs / home sale inspection repairs
✅ Septic tank alarms
✅ Historical building restoration
✅ Rewiring chandeliers and fixtures
✅ Generators
✅ Installation and repair of electric vehicle charging systems
✅ Replace emergency lights
✅ Pool relay operated control system installation, operation, and maintenance
Our professional electricians will keep you well informed at every stage of the project. We treat every job, large or small, with the utmost care and use high quality materials on project. We ensure you are always satisfied with our service and craftsmanship.
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